Bursa sacs are small, fluid-filled pouches located between bones and tendons, and between the bones and muscles surrounding a joint, such as the elbow, knee, and hip. Each sac contains viscous synovial fluid, which serves to cushion and lubricate movements. Repeated overuse or strain of the joint can quickly lead to a painful condition known as bursitis, which is characterized by swelling and inflammation of the bursa sacs. There are two main causes of ruptured or burst bursae: gradual worsening and infection of untreated bursitis, or severe, blunt trauma to the general area of the hip, knee, wrist, or elbow joint.
Common triggers for ruptured bursae are contact sports like football or soccer, or gradual injuries caused by running or jogging.After the sac has burst, diagnosis is often made by palpation of the area; severe, visible swelling is often observed as a result of the synovial fluid leaking out from the ruptured sac. Treatment of burst or ruptured bursae is rarely invasive and does not typically require surgical intervention. In severe cases (often in those involving the knee joints) a doctor may use a needle to remove the synovial fluid from around the joint, then inject the area with a corticosteroid to reduce the amount of inflammation.
The most common course of therapy combines regular application of ice compresses, rest and elevation of the joint, and a combination therapy of oral pain medications and over-the-counter anti-inflammatory medications like ibuprofen or naproxen. If infection is present, a one- to two-week schedule of oral antibiotics may be required.Residual pain from ruptured bursae may last for as long as two or three weeks depending upon the severity of the initial impact or whether the condition stems from untreated bursitis. The presence of infection may also lengthen the recovery period, as can failure to follow through with medical recommendations or medication therapy. The prognosis for recovery is usually optimistic in the absence of complicating factors.
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