i understand where u got the 19M based on Kobe's yrs of service, but superseding that is a player's previous salary
A free agent's maximum salary in the first year of a new contract is never less than 105% of his salary in the last year of his previous contract. For example, a ten-year veteran free agent who most recently earned $20 million has a maximum salary of at least $21 million, even if that is above the league-wide maximum. A free agent does not need to remain with the same team in order to receive 105% of his previous salary, although the team that signs him is subject to the same salary cap restrictions as with any other free agent.
so the way it works is this:
kobe would be a larry bird free agent with a salary above the league average, so he would fall under the cap hold category of 150% of his previous salary.
http://www.cbafaq.com/salarycap.htm#Q37
but because 150% of his previous salary would be above his max salary, his cap hold is capped at his max salary.
kobe's max salary 1st and foremost is based on 105% of his previous salary.