ZeppelinPage wrote:Doctor MJ wrote:In the early-to-mid 50s, Cousy was the high primacy star of the best offense in basketball. He was not necessarily seen at the time as the best player on that team (Ed Macauley was a massive star)
Throughout the 50s, Cousy was not only regarded as the most important player on the Celtics, but one of the best players in the entire league. Before the official NBA MVP Award, the Sam Davis Memorial Award was the unofficial MVP award voted on by sportswriters--Cousy won this award in '53 and '55. He also finished 3rd in voting for the '56 MVP award that Pettit won, while Macauley didn't receive any votes. Macauley was a star, but Cousy was being touted as the greatest since Mikan. Players and coaches around the league had nothing but the highest praise for his play:
Paul Birch: "Cousy is the greatest basketball ever saw--and remember... I saw Nat Holman." - 1951Spoiler:
Joe Lapchick: "Greatest all-around ball player I've ever seen." - 1954Spoiler:
George Senesky Likens Cousy to Babe Ruth - 1956Spoiler:
In '50-51, Cousy & Macauley were both on the Celtics, but Macauley was 1st Team All-NBA and Cousy didn't make 2nd. This would change the next year with Cousy & Macauley both making 1st Team for several years, but I think it's critical for people to understand that Macauley was not perceived as just another side kick. Macauley was an established star for the Celtics before Cousy was.
There's no doubt that Cousy would over time become the clear cut face of the Celtics, but it was not this way from day one, and while I don't mean to use that as an argument "so Cousy wasn't that good", I do think it's worth being aware of.
Let me just say before I move on that I appreciate the quotes and other details you included in your post.
ZeppelinPage wrote:Doctor MJ wrote:The Celtics then transition to a defense-led team, with Bill Russell as they keystone, but the immediate response is to hold Cousy in even more esteem - as if this is just the product of Cousy finally having the right supporting cast around him. This happens in part because Cousy continues to be the lead primacy guy on the offense, partly because of pure winning bias, and - subtly and importantly - the Celtics play at a really high pace.
What do I mean by that last point? I mean that it wasn't until recent times the use of ORtg & DRtg - that team points per 100 possessions and opponent points per 100 possessions - was something that existed in any public space, and it's in fact possible that the first such public accounting came from ElGee (Ben Taylor) during the Retro POY project on this site in 2010. It was after that that basketball-reference.com used his process as the starting point for going back into the deeper past.
So back then, pace was likely conflated with offensive success and defensive failure as a matter of course, and in '56-57, the Celtics were first in points scored, and gave up more points than average in the league. Given this data and Cousy's stature, it made sense for people to think it was Cousy being the best player in the world.
This led to there being some people by the end of the '50s who argued Cousy was the GOAT, and plenty more who predicted that the Celtics would fall off the map after Cousy retired...when in fact the team improved on the basis of getting even better defensively without Cousy's weakness on that front.
Hence, when I look at Cousy, I see someone for whom it's quite reasonable to conclude was overrated in his own time, not because they overrated everyone back then, but because the data diet of the time was limited in ways that really helped paint a rosy picture of Cousy.
I think suggesting that basketball minds were primarily overrating Cousy because of high pace and gaudy scoring numbers is a little too simplistic. I mean, these are players and coaches that correctly understood Russell's impact on defense, even though he wasn't putting up high scoring numbers--I'd give them a little more credit here, with extra value on Auerbach's opinion.
I would say the following contributed to the positive outlook on Cousy:
- Cousy had an enormous amount of usage during the mid 50s and was churning out top offenses, including the single greatest relative offense until 1967. In '55 the Celtics still held strong at #1 even after Macauley likely fell off after suffering a finger injury on his shooting hand in the '54 playoffs that would have him considering retirement less than a year later.
- Watching Cousy's ability to create for teammates firsthand. This is much of what is talked about in sources--he helped find open shots and create high value assists in an era where they were hard to come by. This is also why Macauley and Sharman were never praised to the level Cousy was, because a significant portion of their shots were a direct result of Cousy himself.
- Bringing up the '57 season, the team was spearheaded by Cousy/Sharman while Heinsohn helped shore up their rebounding, leading to a 15-4 full strength record pre-Russell. This Celtics team looked strong on both sides of the ball and were blowing the lid off every team in the league before Russell and Ramsey had arrived, leading to complaints from various teams regarding the Celtics and their plethora of talent on standby. Could Cousy have led this team to a championship without Russell? We'll never know. But what we do know is that Celtics team was already looking like a clear favorite without the addition of two future Hall of Famers.
- For as much people want to harp on Cousy for his efficiency, the Celtics won again and again with him playing heavy minutes in the playoffs past his prime. His genius coach/GM in Red Auerbach saw the value in him, as did his teammates, and I believe the consistency of their winning shows that there is underlying impact that stats cannot truly show.
So, from their point of view, prime Cousy could not only score above league average efficiency on high volume, but he also made his teammates better. His heavy offensive workload meant less energy on defense, yet he was likely among the league leaders in steals, if not outright leading, on a regular basis. His defensive ability, while inconsistent at times, was actually quite good, as Auerbach finally began to admit in the mid 50s after lambasting him during his rookie year. With the Celtics off to a record start before Russell joined, I can definitely see why Cousy was immediately getting the lions share of the credit. The praise only continued after the Celtics won year after year. And while Russell was the clear key to their success, Cousy was still a significant part of their overall strategy on offense and defense. His aggressive playmaking combined with starting fastbreaks through stealing and allowing teammates to save energy on defense is largely underlooked today.
Okay so when you start by saying, "I think suggesting that basketball minds were primarily overrating Cousy because of high pace and gaudy scoring numbers is a little too simplistic", this would seem to imply you're going to give other reasons for them to overrate Cousy, which I don't think is what you were looking to do here. Rather, you're looking to say that Cousy was not overrated at all, no?
Re: harping on efficiency, but won again and again, and "genius" saw value! Let's be clear here:
Cousy was efficient until he wasn't, and the Celtic offense was effective until it wasn't.
I don't think there's any doubt that the early success had everything to do with why the reputation continued after it ceased to be an accurate assessment of what's going on, but if you'd like to suggest another explanation - which I don't think you have here - go for it.
Incidentally, I feel pretty similarly about Joe Fulks and Elgin Baylor. There's a continuing trend of some starts in the early decades seeing their relative efficiency fall off a cliff before their volume adjusted, and I just think that's a natural thing that happens when those doing the evaluating don't really have access to the statistical analysis that we do today.
ZeppelinPage wrote:Doctor MJ wrote:And to emphasize again: I wouldn't be talking like this if:
1. Cousy's efficiency was solid relative to his contemporaries.
2. Cousy's efficiency arc was admirable as his career progress.
Fair enough. Although I'd argue:
Cousy's efficiency was negatively impacted by Russell, but his shot creation and passing ability was still necessary for the Celtics' style of play. Not only was Cousy better with the ball in his hands than guys like Heinsohn, Sharman, and Russell--but Cousy having the ball and taking shots in place of other players allowed less energy to be expended for better defense, especially from Russell, who could pass up the court and save energy while Cousy created. Auerbach understood how important this was to the team, and that's part of the reason why Cousy is either leading or second on the team in playoff minutes until his last couple years.
And for what it's worth, Ben Taylor's Historical data is far more optimistic on the Celtics' Cousy-Russell era offense:Spoiler:
The offense obviously takes a hit when Russell joins. Cousy, past his prime and oft-injured, is helping to keep the offense afloat until retirement.
I'd like to bring up the negative impact Russell had on the Celtics offense, particularly on shot creators, as a trade off for his defense. Cousy went from a career high free throw rate to the lowest seasons of his career (excluding rookie) with Russell, which also hampered his efficiency:Spoiler:
Looking deeper into Cousy's splits for the 1957 season, the addition of Russell and how it impacted Cousy becomes more clear:Spoiler:
Something similar can be seen in John Havlicek, who was also the main offensive option for the Celtics before Russell's departure:Spoiler:
Havlicek has a substantial increase in FG%, rising to nearly 5-6% for the rest of his career following Russell. One thing to note is Havlicek’s increase in FT% is in part due to the ball change during the 1970 season that caused an increase in league wide FT%, although no other player had the increase in FG% that Havlicek did. While one could argue this increase in efficiency is due to Havlicek growing as a player, I do think his jump coinciding with Russell leaving is notable and is an interesting comparison to Cousy’s situation.
With the lack of spacing and Auerbach's shoot-at-will strategy, Cousy's efficiency was negatively impacted. The Celtics as a whole had few players that could actually create their own shot like Cousy, and in an effort for Russell to feel more involved, Auerbach made it a point to get him touches. It's clear why the offense gets worse with Russell when watching Celtics film: Russell hand-off into a contested jumper, Russell screen into a contested jumper, or a clogged lane into a contested jumper. The Celtics wanted to be in transition as much as possible because of this--their offense was most successful with the ball in Cousy's hands and the team running with him.
The Celtics won mostly on defense and winning the possession battle with Russell, but it seems like efficiency was going to take a hit as a cost. In this regard, I wouldn't be as harsh on Cousy's low efficiency, mainly because he was making up for it with the high value playmaking he made throughout the game. This playmaking was able to keep their offense afloat and also led to 6 titles, so I would like to think there is some impact in his passing and shot generation that numbers aren't really showing.
I think you share a lot of great information here, but when you say "Auerbach's shoot-at-will strategy, Cousy's efficiency was negatively impacted", this is another way of saying Cousy had the greenlight to use his own judgment on which shots to take, and he chose to take inefficient shots. Maybe Auerbach encouraged him to do this, but whether he did or not, that doesn't change the fact that Cousy was taking inefficient shots and that these shots affected his effectvieness.
You can of course argue that that's what Cousy simply had to do because of the Russell-context, but the Celtics played at the fastest pace in the league, so it's hard to imagine this being a situation where again and again the Celtic offense bogged down and Cousy was forced to take shots at the end of the 24 second clock.
Cousy was always a guy who called his own number a lot, so to me the simple answer sure seems to be that he kept those habits after they stopped being optimal for him, and were this not the case, then I'd expect the predictions that the dynasty would end after Cousy's retirement would have come true.
ZeppelinPage wrote:Doctor MJ wrote:To give a balancing exemplar, I'd consider someone like John Stockton to be the antithesis of Cousy, and as a result Stockton had among the best old-man-careers in the history of the game. As Stockton's physical capacity diminished, he gradually played less minutes, and gradually called his own number less when he was out there on the court, and prevented his team from being in a situation where their primacy orientation became badly out of tune with what the needs of the current team were.
Cousy won 6 championships in 7 years and finished top two among his team in minutes for 5 of those playoff runs--hard to end a career much better than that. I'd say that the roles Stockton and Cousy had were quite different. Keep in mind that Cousy's coach and teammates were fine with the way he played and felt it was beneficial to the team because they continued to win. Cousy's team needed an aggressive playmaker that could run the break and get easy shots. Stockton in that kind of role would be passing so much that the defense would play off him and would ultimately lead to harder shots for the rest of the team. This is something Cousy has mentioned in various interviews throughout the years--that passivity in a player ultimately makes it more difficult to create good looks. Sometimes a player must take a hit efficiency-wise for the good of the team, and again, the results really do speak for themselves here.
I could use the same type of argument for KC Jones. We're not going to get anywhere meaningful in our analysis if we insist that players on winning teams couldn't possibly be doing anything sub-optimal.
Re: Cousy's team needed an aggressive playmaker...Cousy's team got better when he retired, so no, they didn't actually need him to be playing the role he did in order to win and to the extent they thought they did, they were just plain wrong.
To be fair: I'm not saying the team's offense got better after Cousy retired, only that they proved that they could have been sucking even harder on offense than the worst-in-league they were already at and still winning titles so long as the defensive supporting cast was solid.
One more thing:
A massive part of what we're talking about with Cousy's efficiency decline is that the league got better. Early in Cousy's career he could put up that 44% TS and still be above average relative to the league, but later on this stopped being the case.
This goes part and parcel with the Fulks/Baylor examples, where you have players continuing to jack up the same shots as the quality of the shotmakers around them goes up, and when such a player doesn't adjust their approach, to me this clearly implies a certain blindness to efficiency.
Wherever I see this, I take note of it and I am critical of the player, though how much I'm critical of it depends on the extent of it and what the player is known for. When classical volume scorers have this issue, well, that to me is what you expect. Players get put in that role because they excel at doing their individual thing so there's no particular reason to expect that they'll also have the meta-awareness to gracefully shift when the proper basketball play changes from a shot to a pass based on their lessening capacity relative to other players.
It hits a bit harder though with Cousy because he is supposed to be the archetypical playmaker for his teammates, and we would have hoped that he'd be able to keep up with the times better the way many other all-time point guards successfully did.














