Magic and Bird Plus Minus Numbers

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Re: Magic and Bird Plus Minus Numbers 

Post#61 » by DraymondGold » Sat Aug 2, 2025 11:29 pm

Djoker wrote:
FrodoBaggins wrote:As a huge McHale fan, I'd love to know his '87 & '88 numbers. He has the highest on-court ORtg on the team in both years based on a Twitter post from Squared2020. 1987-88 is particularly interesting to me, because BOS had a +9.2 or +9.4 rORtg in the 64 games McHale played, and like 6.3 points/100 possessions worse on offense in the 18 games without him.


Courtesy of Squared2020, here is some Bird and McHale data for you my friend! Tell me your thoughts. :D

Image
Love seeing the overall on/off and the splits amongst the star players 8-)

So McHale looks very respectable all-star, and Bird looks like a very respectable MVP level player.

If 86-88 Bird's +14.8 On-Off net rating persists (~ +14.4 On-Off per 48 minutes), that would give him a better 3-year regular season on-off ever than Duncan (peaks at +13.7 in 01–03), Shaq (peaks at +13.8 in 99–01), and Miami LeBron (peaks at +13.5 in 10–12). It also puts him solidly over top ~20/25 peak guys like Durant (+12.3 19–22), Giannis (+12.2 20–22), Kobe (+11.0 08–10), Harden (+7.8 14-16). It does still put Bird below the biggest regular season movers we have, like Magic, Jordan, Robinson, KG, Cleveland LeBron, Curry, Jokic, who all tend to be in the +16 to +23 range. That said, we don't have any 1984 data, and Bird's 3-year peak is often considered 1984-1986, so there's room for him to improve.

In terms of trends, it looks like Bird's On-off goes:
-1986 >> 1987 > 1985 > 1988 >= 1991 (where the 1991 and 1986 data are found in the OP)
In terms of team regular season SRS, it goes:
-1986 >> 1987 > 1985 > 1988 > 1991
So they're exactly in the same order. It's a neat coincidence. I suspect it is just a coincidence for now, given the noise, the missing data, and how close some of the years are. But it is suggestive. Do the ebbs and flows of the Celtics as a whole go with the ebbs and flows of Bird individually? Obviously Bird's the biggest mover for the Celtics. But teams' peaks don't always follow players' peaks (see e.g. Kareem and the Bucks, Duncan and the Spurs, Kobe and the Lakers, etc.).

What was so unique about the 1986 roster that got the Celtics to such heights? Walton presumably was a help, but the available plus minus data we have for him on the Celtics is not at all indicative that he was secretly some major impactor for them relative to Bird or McHale. Strong add, great piece off the bench, great defender in small minutes, sure, but none of the data suggests her was similarly or even close to Bird's impact on the Celtics. Instead, I it looks like it's Bird's impact that shoots up in 1986. This might suggest that part of what made 1986 so historic (in addition to the changes in the players, with Bird playing better himself and adding a great bench piece in Walton) is that the pieces fit better around Bird to maximize his talents.

In his 1985 Celtics article, Sansterre suggested that the fit around Bird in 1985 wasn't as great as it could have been, and I tend to agree. Maybe Bird was better at maximizing the impact of McHale and Parish etc. than the other way around. A great off-ball player, all-time shooter, all-time passer who can get it to finishers in great position? Seems like a fantastic fit around a strong iso player and finisher like McHale. But a strong post-up and iso player in McHale, without much passing chops, helping create easier scoring opportunities to maximize the impact of that off-ball player? It doesn't sound like quite as good of a fit in that direction.

Don't get me wrong -- McHale was a fantastic player, and major part of the Celtics' success. He was a strong defensive player; his scoring chops were great; his finishing ability fit well with Bird's passing as I mentioned above; and the resilient post up package did complement Bird's occasional rim struggles in the playoffs. But I wonder if having a passing big in Walton freed up Bird to be more effective in his off-ball attack, and thus helped boost Bird's individual impact/on-off in 1986. In other words, even if Walton himself wasn't as big of an impactor individually (still good -- just not strong MVP good), I wonder if his fit with Bird created a better situation for Bird, and allowed Bird to have his most impactful available year in on-off. In the two 1986 finals games I've tracked over the last few weeks, the chemistry between Walton and Bird definitely stands out on film.

To some extent this is nitpicking; I have the 1986 Celtics as clear-cut top 10 team ever, and in contention for the best passing team ever. In the surrounding years, we have one of the greatest dynasties ever in its prime, a team in solid championship contention against another dynasty. The Celtics did succeed in winning rings in other years, and may well have won a fourth with better injury luck. But when a team peaks, it's interesting to consider why it peaked when it did, and what changed compared to the adjacent years.

Speaking of adjacent years, it seems notable that McHale's on-off improves from 1986, to 1987, to 1988. This aligns with improvements in his scoring package (see e.g. Thinking Basketball's top 40 article on him) coming after 1986. But it also seems to come with the Celtics' slightly increased reliance on him (e.g. his load slightly increased) towards the end of the 1980s, as Bird ages up. I suspect some of the offensive rating improvement for the Celtics is their increase in 3 point shooting. They had strong shooters, particularly Bird, and so upping their shooting volume (while having a down-low post up threat in McHale) definitely led to some fantastic offenses.

It'll be interesting to see if any of these ideas here are supported as we continue to get more data. Let me know if you agree/disagree, and thanks for sharing Djoker!
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Re: Magic and Bird Plus Minus Numbers 

Post#62 » by Djoker » Sun Aug 3, 2025 1:21 am

DraymondGold wrote:Love seeing the overall on/off and the splits amongst the star players 8-)

So McHale looks very respectable all-star, and Bird looks like a very respectable MVP level player.

If 86-88 Bird's +14.8 On-Off net rating persists (~ +14.4 On-Off per 48 minutes), that would give him a better 3-year regular season on-off ever than Duncan (peaks at +13.7 in 01–03), Shaq (peaks at +13.8 in 99–01), and Miami LeBron (peaks at +13.5 in 10–12). It also puts him solidly over top ~20/25 peak guys like Durant (+12.3 19–22), Giannis (+12.2 20–22), Kobe (+11.0 08–10), Harden (+7.8 14-16). It does still put Bird below the biggest regular season movers we have, like Magic, Jordan, Robinson, KG, Cleveland LeBron, Curry, Jokic, who all tend to be in the +16 to +23 range. That said, we don't have any 1984 data, and Bird's 3-year peak is often considered 1984-1986, so there's room for him to improve.

In terms of trends, it looks like Bird's On-off goes:
-1986 >> 1987 > 1985 > 1988 >= 1991 (where the 1991 and 1986 data are found in the OP)
In terms of team regular season SRS, it goes:
-1986 >> 1987 > 1985 > 1988 > 1991
So they're exactly in the same order. It's a neat coincidence. I suspect it is just a coincidence for now, given the noise, the missing data, and how close some of the years are. But it is suggestive. Do the ebbs and flows of the Celtics as a whole go with the ebbs and flows of Bird individually? Obviously Bird's the biggest mover for the Celtics. But teams' peaks don't always follow players' peaks (see e.g. Kareem and the Bucks, Duncan and the Spurs, Kobe and the Lakers, etc.).

What was so unique about the 1986 roster that got the Celtics to such heights? Walton presumably was a help, but the available plus minus data we have for him on the Celtics is not at all indicative that he was secretly some major impactor for them relative to Bird or McHale. Strong add, great piece off the bench, great defender in small minutes, sure, but none of the data suggests her was similarly or even close to Bird's impact on the Celtics. Instead, I it looks like it's Bird's impact that shoots up in 1986. This might suggest that part of what made 1986 so historic (in addition to the changes in the players, with Bird playing better himself and adding a great bench piece in Walton) is that the pieces fit better around Bird to maximize his talents.

In his 1985 Celtics article, Sansterre suggested that the fit around Bird in 1985 wasn't as great as it could have been, and I tend to agree. Maybe Bird was better at maximizing the impact of McHale and Parish etc. than the other way around. A great off-ball player, all-time shooter, all-time passer who can get it to finishers in great position? Seems like a fantastic fit around a strong iso player and finisher like McHale. But a strong post-up and iso player in McHale, without much passing chops, helping create easier scoring opportunities to maximize the impact of that off-ball player? It doesn't sound like quite as good of a fit in that direction.

Don't get me wrong -- McHale was a fantastic player, and major part of the Celtics' success. He was a strong defensive player; his scoring chops were great; his finishing ability fit well with Bird's passing as I mentioned above; and the resilient post up package did complement Bird's occasional rim struggles in the playoffs. But I wonder if having a passing big in Walton freed up Bird to be more effective in his off-ball attack, and thus helped boost Bird's individual impact/on-off in 1986. In other words, even if Walton himself wasn't as big of an impactor individually (still good -- just not strong MVP good), I wonder if his fit with Bird created a better situation for Bird, and allowed Bird to have his most impactful available year in on-off. In the two 1986 finals games I've tracked over the last few weeks, the chemistry between Walton and Bird definitely stands out on film.

To some extent this is nitpicking; I have the 1986 Celtics as clear-cut top 10 team ever, and in contention for the best passing team ever. In the surrounding years, we have one of the greatest dynasties ever in its prime, a team in solid championship contention against another dynasty. The Celtics did succeed in winning rings in other years, and may well have won a fourth with better injury luck. But when a team peaks, it's interesting to consider why it peaked when it did, and what changed compared to the adjacent years.

Speaking of adjacent years, it seems notable that McHale's on-off improves from 1986, to 1987, to 1988. This aligns with improvements in his scoring package (see e.g. Thinking Basketball's top 40 article on him) coming after 1986. But it also seems to come with the Celtics' slightly increased reliance on him (e.g. his load slightly increased) towards the end of the 1980s, as Bird ages up. I suspect some of the offensive rating improvement for the Celtics is their increase in 3 point shooting. They had strong shooters, particularly Bird, and so upping their shooting volume (while having a down-low post up threat in McHale) definitely led to some fantastic offenses.

It'll be interesting to see if any of these ideas here are supported as we continue to get more data. Let me know if you agree/disagree, and thanks for sharing Djoker!


Good post.

The ON rating with McHale is very slightly higher than with Bird. But when Bird sits, the dropoff is much greater. In other words, the Bird ON McHale OFF lineups are clearly performing better than Bird OFF McHale ON lineups. The offense drops off hugely when Bird sits and the defense improves slightly. When McHale sits, the offense drops off by a moderate amount but the defense drops off a bit too.

As you said though, Bird seems to get progressively worse from 1986 -> 1987 -> 1988 whereas as McHale gets progressively better over that span. 1986 Bird being his peak is looking pretty strong based on this data. His second best year is 1985.
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Re: Magic and Bird Plus Minus Numbers 

Post#63 » by DraymondGold » Sun Aug 3, 2025 1:31 am

Djoker wrote:
DraymondGold wrote:


Good post.

The ON rating with McHale is very slightly higher than with Bird. But when Bird sits, the dropoff is much greater. In other words, the Bird ON McHale OFF lineups are clearly performing better than Bird OFF McHale ON lineups. The offense drops off hugely when Bird sits and the defense improves slightly. When McHale sits, the offense drops off by a moderate amount but the defense drops off a bit too.

As you said though, Bird seems to get progressively worse from 1986 -> 1987 -> 1988 whereas as McHale gets progressively better over that span. 1986 Bird being his peak is looking pretty strong based on this data. His second best year is 1985.
Cheers —

One note re: 1986 being his peak, it’s worth noting that we don’t have any 1984 data yet for either regular season or playoffs, and there are a few people who might consider 84 in contention for his peak (or at least a likely 2nd best year, given the worse fit in 85 and the playoff injury in 85). That said, I think most people would agree 86 is probably his best year (me included), and it definitely seems to be the clear best year within 1985-1991.
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Re: Magic and Bird Plus Minus Numbers 

Post#64 » by FrodoBaggins » Sun Aug 3, 2025 5:45 am

Djoker wrote:
FrodoBaggins wrote:As a huge McHale fan, I'd love to know his '87 & '88 numbers. He has the highest on-court ORtg on the team in both years based on a Twitter post from Squared2020. 1987-88 is particularly interesting to me, because BOS had a +9.2 or +9.4 rORtg in the 64 games McHale played, and like 6.3 points/100 possessions worse on offense in the 18 games without him.


Courtesy of Squared2020, here is some Bird and McHale data for you my friend! Tell me your thoughts. :D

Image

Goddamn, 1986 Bird was on fire. Looks like the best season of his career, all things considered. I knew the numbers for '86 and '88 would look something like that because of the WOWY samples. Disappointed in the '87 results for McHale, especially the McHale ON/Bird OFF numbers. The '88 McHale ON/Bird OFF numbers look better, but the defense appears to be driving the value there.

IIRC, Squared2020's team performance (ORtg, DRtg, NRtg) is different from Basketball Reference because he's counting the actual number of possessions? Is that accurate? I figured McHale and potentially Bird would be 120+ on-court ORtg using BR's calculations.
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Re: Magic and Bird Plus Minus Numbers 

Post#65 » by FrodoBaggins » Sun Aug 3, 2025 10:03 am

As a biased McHale fan/homer, I can gerrymander these numbers to support the Peak McHale narrative. Fantastic. Additionally, I wonder how many of the 1987 games include the late regular season & playoffs, where Kevin played on a broken foot. And what the W/L, NRtg, MOV, and SRS in the games tracked were.

72-game sample (1987 + 1988)

McHale (1987 + 1988):

ON ORtg [5,869 pts/5,169 poss]: 113.5
ON DRtg [5,418 pts/5,142 poss]: 105.3

OFF ORtg [2,285 pts/2,197 poss]: 104.0
OFF DRtg [2,339 pts/2,182 poss]: 107.2

ON NRtg: +8.2
OFF NRtg: -3.2
ON/OFF NRtg: +11.4

Bird (1987 + 1988):

ON ORtg [6,823 pts/6,043 poss]: 112.9
ON DRtg [6,388 pts/6,011 poss]: 106.3

OFF ORtg [1,331 pts/1,323 poss]: 100.6
OFF DRtg [1,369 pts/1,313 poss]: 104.2

ON NRtg: +6.6
OFF NRtg: -3.6
ON/OFF NRtg: +10.2

McHale + Bird (1987 + 1988):

Bird ON/McHale ON ORtg [5,246 pts/4,561 poss]: 115.0
Bird ON/McHale ON DRtg [4,797 pts/4,529 poss]: 105.9

Bird OFF/McHale OFF ORtg [708 pts/715 poss]: 99.0
Bird OFF/McHale OFF DRtg [748 pts/700 poss]: 106.8

ON NRtg: +9.1
OFF NRtg: -7.8
ON/OFF NRtg: +16.9

Bird without McHale (1987 + 1988):

Bird ON/McHale OFF ORtg [1,577 pts/1,482 poss]: 106.4
Bird ON/McHale OFF DRtg [1,591 pts/1,482 poss]: 107.3

NRtg: -0.9

McHale without Bird (1987 + 1988):

McHale ON/Bird OFF ORtg [623 pts/608 poss]: 102.5
McHale ON/Bird OFF DRtg [621 pts/613 poss]: 101.3

NRtg: +1.2
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Re: Magic and Bird Plus Minus Numbers 

Post#66 » by Djoker » Sun Aug 3, 2025 2:04 pm

FrodoBaggins wrote:Goddamn, 1986 Bird was on fire. Looks like the best season of his career, all things considered. I knew the numbers for '86 and '88 would look something like that because of the WOWY samples. Disappointed in the '87 results for McHale, especially the McHale ON/Bird OFF numbers. The '88 McHale ON/Bird OFF numbers look better, but the defense appears to be driving the value there.

IIRC, Squared2020's team performance (ORtg, DRtg, NRtg) is different from Basketball Reference because he's counting the actual number of possessions? Is that accurate? I figured McHale and potentially Bird would be 120+ on-court ORtg using BR's calculations.


Why disappointing? McHale looks like a beast to me. He isn't as good as Bird in 1986 but how many players in history are?!?

As far as Squared2020's possession numbers, I talked about that here:

As far as the Squared2020 data, I noticed that both offensive ratings and defensive are much lower and pace much higher than on Basketball-Reference. I inquired with him as to why and he explained to me that this has to do with the method of tracking possessions. Every time there is a substitution mid-possession and he estimates that this happens 4-5 times a game, it is counted as two possessions, one with the old lineup and one with the new lineup. For example Harper/Jordan/Pippen/Rodman/Longley are on the court on offense. They use 15 seconds on the shot clock and the ball goes out of bounds off of the opposing team. Phil takes out Rodman and puts in Kukoc. The last 9 seconds of the offense are a new possession so the Bulls attack is two offensive possessions instead of one! I asked him why he did it this way instead of counting say two half-possessions (would avoid the over-counting of possessions) and he said because doing half-possessions would produce very wonky results for lineups with very few possessions. You could have stints with like 600 ORtg if the team scored a 3pt shot with a half-possession. That could totally mess up RAPM and elevate some random scrubs to the top of the list. Long story short, possessions are inflated in Squared2020's tracking which makes offenses seem weak, defenses look insane and slightly depresses Net Rtg as well.


Basically if you want ORtg and DRtg that are in line with basketball reference for apples to apples comparisons with modern players, just compute ORtg using minutes played and B-Ref pace. For example ON ORtg = ON Team Pts * 48/ON Mins * 100/Pace.
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Re: Magic and Bird Plus Minus Numbers 

Post#67 » by Djoker » Sun Aug 3, 2025 2:30 pm

By the way, here are the updated numbers for both Magic and Bird.

Image

Image
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Re: Magic and Bird Plus Minus Numbers 

Post#68 » by FrodoBaggins » Mon Aug 4, 2025 10:01 am

Djoker wrote:
FrodoBaggins wrote:Goddamn, 1986 Bird was on fire. Looks like the best season of his career, all things considered. I knew the numbers for '86 and '88 would look something like that because of the WOWY samples. Disappointed in the '87 results for McHale, especially the McHale ON/Bird OFF numbers. The '88 McHale ON/Bird OFF numbers look better, but the defense appears to be driving the value there.

IIRC, Squared2020's team performance (ORtg, DRtg, NRtg) is different from Basketball Reference because he's counting the actual number of possessions? Is that accurate? I figured McHale and potentially Bird would be 120+ on-court ORtg using BR's calculations.


Why disappointing? McHale looks like a beast to me. He isn't as good as Bird in 1986 but how many players in history are?!?

As far as Squared2020's possession numbers, I talked about that here:

As far as the Squared2020 data, I noticed that both offensive ratings and defensive are much lower and pace much higher than on Basketball-Reference. I inquired with him as to why and he explained to me that this has to do with the method of tracking possessions. Every time there is a substitution mid-possession and he estimates that this happens 4-5 times a game, it is counted as two possessions, one with the old lineup and one with the new lineup. For example Harper/Jordan/Pippen/Rodman/Longley are on the court on offense. They use 15 seconds on the shot clock and the ball goes out of bounds off of the opposing team. Phil takes out Rodman and puts in Kukoc. The last 9 seconds of the offense are a new possession so the Bulls attack is two offensive possessions instead of one! I asked him why he did it this way instead of counting say two half-possessions (would avoid the over-counting of possessions) and he said because doing half-possessions would produce very wonky results for lineups with very few possessions. You could have stints with like 600 ORtg if the team scored a 3pt shot with a half-possession. That could totally mess up RAPM and elevate some random scrubs to the top of the list. Long story short, possessions are inflated in Squared2020's tracking which makes offenses seem weak, defenses look insane and slightly depresses Net Rtg as well.


Basically if you want ORtg and DRtg that are in line with basketball reference for apples to apples comparisons with modern players, just compute ORtg using minutes played and B-Ref pace. For example ON ORtg = ON Team Pts * 48/ON Mins * 100/Pace.

Just disappointed regarding the 1987 McHale numbers, specifically because it's his pentultimate box-score season. But it is a small sample, and I'm not sure what games are included. Kevin played on a broken foot for 36/98 RS+PS games. I assume the playoff games are included because they're more easily sourced.

1988 looks really good, though.
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Re: Magic and Bird Plus Minus Numbers 

Post#69 » by DQuinn1575 » Mon Aug 4, 2025 4:05 pm

70sFan wrote:Funny enough, Squared now works at +/- tracking officially for the NBA, I contacted him not too long ago. So yes, he got this task from the league this year and they will use his stats as their official ones when he finishes. Funny how it turned out, right?


Is there an expectation that he will finish and there will be complete enough stats to be official?
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Re: Magic and Bird Plus Minus Numbers 

Post#70 » by Djoker » Mon Aug 4, 2025 4:43 pm

FrodoBaggins wrote:
Djoker wrote:
FrodoBaggins wrote:Goddamn, 1986 Bird was on fire. Looks like the best season of his career, all things considered. I knew the numbers for '86 and '88 would look something like that because of the WOWY samples. Disappointed in the '87 results for McHale, especially the McHale ON/Bird OFF numbers. The '88 McHale ON/Bird OFF numbers look better, but the defense appears to be driving the value there.

IIRC, Squared2020's team performance (ORtg, DRtg, NRtg) is different from Basketball Reference because he's counting the actual number of possessions? Is that accurate? I figured McHale and potentially Bird would be 120+ on-court ORtg using BR's calculations.


Why disappointing? McHale looks like a beast to me. He isn't as good as Bird in 1986 but how many players in history are?!?

As far as Squared2020's possession numbers, I talked about that here:

As far as the Squared2020 data, I noticed that both offensive ratings and defensive are much lower and pace much higher than on Basketball-Reference. I inquired with him as to why and he explained to me that this has to do with the method of tracking possessions. Every time there is a substitution mid-possession and he estimates that this happens 4-5 times a game, it is counted as two possessions, one with the old lineup and one with the new lineup. For example Harper/Jordan/Pippen/Rodman/Longley are on the court on offense. They use 15 seconds on the shot clock and the ball goes out of bounds off of the opposing team. Phil takes out Rodman and puts in Kukoc. The last 9 seconds of the offense are a new possession so the Bulls attack is two offensive possessions instead of one! I asked him why he did it this way instead of counting say two half-possessions (would avoid the over-counting of possessions) and he said because doing half-possessions would produce very wonky results for lineups with very few possessions. You could have stints with like 600 ORtg if the team scored a 3pt shot with a half-possession. That could totally mess up RAPM and elevate some random scrubs to the top of the list. Long story short, possessions are inflated in Squared2020's tracking which makes offenses seem weak, defenses look insane and slightly depresses Net Rtg as well.


Basically if you want ORtg and DRtg that are in line with basketball reference for apples to apples comparisons with modern players, just compute ORtg using minutes played and B-Ref pace. For example ON ORtg = ON Team Pts * 48/ON Mins * 100/Pace.

Just disappointed regarding the 1987 McHale numbers, specifically because it's his pentultimate box-score season. But it is a small sample, and I'm not sure what games are included. Kevin played on a broken foot for 36/98 RS+PS games. I assume the playoff games are included because they're more easily sourced.

1988 looks really good, though.


This is strictly regular season data. No playoff games are included in any sample.

Here is the list of sampled games for the 1987 Celtics:

Image
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Re: Magic and Bird Plus Minus Numbers 

Post#71 » by DraymondGold » Mon Aug 4, 2025 8:54 pm

Djoker wrote:By the way, here are the updated numbers for both Magic and Bird.

Image

Image
I updated my post in the Jordan thread to include the regular season data. But just to emphasize Magic/Bird here:

Best 5-year RS On-Off per 48 (No Playoffs) runs among available MVP/FMVP players:
Spoiler:
1. 88–92 Jordan +21.19 (partial data, no 89 data or pre-88 data; 90–95 Jordan +18.5)
2. 15-19 Curry +19.39
3. 21-25 Jokic +18.86
4. 85-89 Magic +16.93 (partial data, no pre-85 data)
5. 94-98 Robinson +15.70 (no pre-94 data)
6. 09-13 LeBron +15.38 (13–17 LeBron +14.51)
7. 85-89 Bird +14.60 (partial data, no 89 data, no pre-85 data; 86–90 Bird +13.17)
8. 03-07 Garnett +14.55
9. 01-05 Dirk +14.12 (08–12 Dirk +12.68)
10. 00-04 Shaq +12.64
11. 01-05 Duncan +12.58
12. 08-12 Nash +11.74 (05–09 Nash +11.51)
13. 20-24 Kawhi +11.71 (no 2022 data; 20–25 Kawhi +11.71; 17–21 Kawhi +7.65)
14. 97–01 Malone +11.44 (no pre-94 data)
15. 19–23 Giannis +11.43
16. 18–22 Embiid +11.23
17. 06–10 Wade +11.02
18. 21-25 Shai +10.59
19. 10–14 Iguodala +10.59
20. 15-19 Durant +10.33
21. 06-10 Kobe +10.22
22. 07–11 Paul Pierce +9.79
23. 05–09 Billups +7.75
24. 14–18 Westbrook +7.44
25. 17–21 Harden +7.31
26. 98–02 Iverson +6.98
27. 05–09 Tony Parker +5.67
28. 11–15 Derrick Rose +3.23
29. 18–22 Jaylen Brown +1.79

Magic looks like a Tier 1 impact king, consistent with our previous data. To my surprise, he doesn't look better than Curry or Jokic (my impression of him was that the Squared data had him as more of singular outlier along with Jordan in available data, but perhaps he's only a tier 1 outlier).

Bird actually looks better in this data than I've been giving him credit for. He doesn't quite look like a Tier 1 impact player all-time in on-off (noting that we don't have any data pre-85, which includes part of his peak and I would bet are slightly better than the late 80s years). But at the same time, he's consistent with peak Garnett, and a tier above Shaq/Duncan in the regular season (who often look worse in regular season peak-timespan plus minus / on off, and whose all-time case often relies on longevity for Duncan and the playoffs for both). Bird's clearly above many of the typical Top ~ 12–25/30 level peaks in Nash, Kawhi, Giannis, Wade, Durant, Kobe, Harden, etc., again in the regular season data. Glad to see Bird looking reasonably impactful, given how much of a downward trend he's been on among some RealGM members.

Another trend that jumps out is how much top impact players seem to be the offensive guys. Jordan, Curry, Jokic, Magic make up most of my top group of GOAT offensive talent, and they're the clearcut top 4 in regular season 5-year on-off. Next comes Robinson (who obviously gets a lot of value from defense), but then LeBron and Bird follow (two more of my top 10 offensive players all time) ahead of Garnett (the next defensive guy). All are well ahead of Duncan (one of the other GOAT defenders of the play-by-play era). I don't want to over-interpret qualitative trends in a small number of outliers (particularly without playoff data), but it does support the general idea that individual offense is more valuable than individual defense roughly since the advent of the three-point line.
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Re: Magic and Bird Plus Minus Numbers 

Post#72 » by tsherkin » Mon Aug 4, 2025 9:46 pm

DraymondGold wrote:but it does support the general idea that individual offense is more valuable than individual defense roughly since the advent of the three-point line.


I wonder how much the initiative the offense has matters to this, and like, how much more the D relies on the whole team to finish a possession than the O?
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Re: Magic and Bird Plus Minus Numbers 

Post#73 » by DraymondGold » Tue Aug 5, 2025 3:01 am

tsherkin wrote:
DraymondGold wrote:but it does support the general idea that individual offense is more valuable than individual defense roughly since the advent of the three-point line.


I wonder how much the initiative the offense has matters to this, and like, how much more the D relies on the whole team to finish a possession than the O?
That's absolutely a possibility. If there's less individual value for stars on defense than offense in the recent decades (an assumption for this post, but one that seems supported by plus minus data, WOWY data, team data), presumably there's a difference in individual offensive vs defensive volume, individual offensive vs defensive efficiency, or some defensive value is getting misattributed as offensive value.

There's definitely some evidence to the idea that the best defenders have less defensive volume than the best offensive players. For example, per thinking basketball's study of the 2011 season, centers have the highest average defensive usage at 22.4%, almost twice as much as the average point guard defensive usage at 12.6%. (source 1:https://elgee35.wordpress.com/2011/02/06/defensive-usage-ii/, source 2: https://elgee35.wordpress.com/2011/01/22/defensive-usage/). Compare this to the highest offensive usage during that timespan, which is 34%, and we can clearly see the larger volume for offensive players (source 3: https://elgee35.wordpress.com/2011/01/22/defensive-usage/). That's roughly a 50% volume advantage for offensive stars, at least according to these stats in this season.

I think a lot of that difference in volume comes from the fact that, like you say, the offense is the initiator and the defense relies more on the full defensive lineup. In other words, even when offensive players are primarily off-ball, the offense can be intentional and proactive about getting their best player involved. On the defensive end, the defense can only do so much to get their best defensive player involved in the action. To some extent, if the offense forces a matchup in transition or forces a switch, or attacks the opposite side of the floor, then the defense has a harder time getting their best defender involved in the action (compared to the ease with which an offense can get their best offensive player involved).

Note that in this explanation, defense is still just as important on a team-level. It's just that having a good team defense is more reliant on defensive depth, whereas team offenses can be more singularly boosted by having one or a handful of strong offensive talent.

I suspect a similar thing is happening in this 2011 study going back to the 00s, 90s, and 80s, at least with these top stars.

We haven't touched efficiency yet, but for the defender to make up the difference in volume (if indeed the difference in volume does project back to earlier eras), then the defender would need to have a proportional efficiency advantage to the offensive player's volume advantage. Are we willing to say David Robinson on defense reduces opponent's efficiency significantly more than Magic improves his teammates' efficiency, for David Robinson's defense to make up for Magic's offensive volume advantage? We could switch out the players if you'd like -- they're just examples -- but I'm hesitant to think so.

The other option is that we'd need defensive value to be misattributed to offense, e.g. having steals leading to transition layups being considered purely offensive value... a possibility for stats that have offensive/defensive splits, but less likely for trends in who's more valuable in wholistic stats like on-off.

For defense to start getting more equal or even surpassing the offense, I think we need to go back to pretty different styles and rulesets, e.g. those of the 60s. At least, that's how I see things in the more modern eras.
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Re: Magic and Bird Plus Minus Numbers 

Post#74 » by Ryoga Hibiki » Tue Aug 5, 2025 1:28 pm

Djoker wrote:From Squared2020.

Updated on August 3, 2025.

Image

Image

Magic looks amazing and Bird looks solid.

Not huge samples but not too small either with about three seasons worth of games. In the unsampled games, the MOV is higher for both so I'd expect the ON numbers to go up by quite a bit and the ON-OFF numbers to drop by a decent amount with a full sample.


You think it's possible to somehow normalize those numbers using other info, like for instance the boxscore data of those games vs those ones out of the sample?
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Re: Magic and Bird Plus Minus Numbers 

Post#75 » by eminence » Tue Aug 5, 2025 2:58 pm

DraymondGold wrote:.


Agreeing with your assessment of offensive/defensive value for the 3pt era (individual O > D in the realm of 1.5x at the top end).

Taking a moment to emphasize to first time readers that the above does not mean that players one thinks of as offensive stars are necessarily *overall* more valuable than defensive stars. Many offensive stars range from bad to average on defense (Nash/Harden/Curry). While a fair number of the best defenders are quite good on offense (KG/Duncan/Dwight some notable examples).

Trae Young in particular has some impact studies where he grades out as all-time great on offense and as all-time terrible on defense for a balance of just pretty good. There's really no defensive star equivalent. It's a bit of the inverse of the 1.5x situation above - it's hard for any one player to completely sink an offense (I have questions about Eaton). Closest databall era guys are probably Shawn Bradley/Jason Collins.

A related aside - the broader population generally underrate the defensive impact of bigs that we don't think of as particularly great defenders (eg Dirk/Jokic). They are almost certainly more defensively impactful than all but the very best defensive guards/wings.
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Re: Magic and Bird Plus Minus Numbers 

Post#76 » by tsherkin » Tue Aug 5, 2025 3:26 pm

eminence wrote:A related aside - the broader population generally underrate the defensive impact of bigs that we don't think of as particularly great defenders (eg Dirk/Jokic). They are almost certainly more defensively impactful than all but the very best defensive guards/wings.


Based on what?
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Re: Magic and Bird Plus Minus Numbers 

Post#77 » by eminence » Tue Aug 5, 2025 3:41 pm

tsherkin wrote:
eminence wrote:A related aside - the broader population generally underrate the defensive impact of bigs that we don't think of as particularly great defenders (eg Dirk/Jokic). They are almost certainly more defensively impactful than all but the very best defensive guards/wings.


Based on what?


Near every impact study, where even 'bad' defensive 7 footers grade out just fine on defense (sure, exceptions can be found - Towns). But it's hard/rare to be unimpactful on defense when one is that big. If you're a 7 footer getting notable NBA minutes, you're probably a reasonably positive impactful defensive player.
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Re: Magic and Bird Plus Minus Numbers 

Post#78 » by tsherkin » Tue Aug 5, 2025 3:43 pm

eminence wrote:Near every impact study, where even 'bad' defensive 7 footers grade out just fine on defense (sure, exceptions can be found - Towns). But it's hard/rare to be unimpactful on defense when one is that big. If you're a 7 footer getting notable NBA minutes, you're probably a reasonably positive impactful defensive player.


Interesting. I remember watching Dirk and seeing that he had some pretty clear defensive issues, and that his primary contribution was defensive rebounding, which is... highly replaceable, defensively speaking, but seems to represent well in stuff like DBPM and whatever. I wonder if it's more that their scoring and overall offensive impact outpaces their defensive weaknesses? Because they visibly exhibit certain issues, perhaps matched off by play against the cannon fodder squads at the bottom of the league in those studies?

I dunno, it's an interesting discussion point, regardless!
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Re: Magic and Bird Plus Minus Numbers 

Post#79 » by DraymondGold » Tue Aug 5, 2025 6:33 pm

eminence wrote:
DraymondGold wrote:.


Agreeing with your assessment of offensive/defensive value for the 3pt era (individual O > D in the realm of 1.5x at the top end).

Taking a moment to emphasize to first time readers that the above does not mean that players one thinks of as offensive stars are necessarily *overall* more valuable than defensive stars. Many offensive stars range from bad to average on defense (Nash/Harden/Curry). While a fair number of the best defenders are quite good on offense (KG/Duncan/Dwight some notable examples).

Trae Young in particular has some impact studies where he grades out as all-time great on offense and as all-time terrible on defense for a balance of just pretty good. There's really no defensive star equivalent. It's a bit of the inverse of the 1.5x situation above - it's hard for any one player to completely sink an offense (I have questions about Eaton). Closest databall era guys are probably Shawn Bradley/Jason Collins.

A related aside - the broader population generally underrate the defensive impact of bigs that we don't think of as particularly great defenders (eg Dirk/Jokic). They are almost certainly more defensively impactful than all but the very best defensive guards/wings.
Agreed on the overall message. I think the broader population does usually underrate and misunderstand big man defense.

Taking a look at ESPN's ranking of the NBA Top 75 Anniversary team (https://www.espn.com/nba/story/_/id/33297498/the-nba-75th-anniversary-team-ranked-where-76-basketball-legends-check-our-list ), we see Magic and Wilt over Bill Russell, Bird over Duncan, Oscar and Kobe both in the top 10 and over Shaq and Hakeem, KD over Hakeem, both Kevin Garnett and David Robinson out of the top 20 (with Elgin Baylor sliding in at 20th being particularly egregious). ESPN's a bad source for basketball analysis of course, but I think a fairly good source for estimating how the casual basketball fan thinks, and a there's a clear trend for offense > big man defense.

That said, I do think the board sometimes goes too much in favor of 'two way bigs' over the 'one-way offensive players'. For example in the previous Realgm greatest peaks project, the 6 best traditional bigs (Shaq, Kareem, Wilt, Duncan, Hakeem, Russell) were all voted in above the all-time perimeter offensive stars (Bird, Magic, Curry), and there was a clear trend in the mean/median voter wanting to vote in the two-way bigs first "because they're two-way" over the offensive stars "because they're not two-way". Personally, I think the ranking of these different archetypes is far less evenly divided, with the best one-way stars (Russell included) and the best two-way stars being far less separated when ranking peaks or primes or careers. To me, the higher ceiling for individual offensive impact helps bridge the gap between these one-way stars and the two way stars, with a lot of complexity and room for interpretation in the specifics of how a players' different skills interact and fit on different teams. Having strong creation or scoring seem reasonably comparable in potential value to having strong defense in the modern era, and the former two are both offensive skills. That's just me though, and plenty of reasonable people on this board disagree.
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Re: Magic and Bird Plus Minus Numbers 

Post#80 » by homecourtloss » Fri Aug 8, 2025 3:07 pm

Djoker wrote:By the way, here are the updated numbers for both Magic and Bird.

Image

Image


Some observations:

1. 1986 seems like a clear peak for Bird though 1984 might be interesting if we had numbers. His On court clearly stands out this year. I did some tracking a few years back and stopped in Bird-Walton numbers which looked really good in limited minutes. I wonder if Squared has Walton-Bird pairings.

2. Celtics’ offense craters without Bird. There has been much discussion on this board about in ball vs. off ball, how much that affects ORtg drops, i.e., teams get too dependent on on ball creators so when they’re off, the offense craters, etc., but a lot of the numbers are showing is that offenses crater when ATG offensive players are not on.

Bird, off ball
Magic, on ball
LeBron, on ball
Jordan, off ball (playoffs offense cratering in 1997-1998)
Nash, on ball
Shaq, off ball
Jokic, off ball/on ball DHO
Curry, off ball with some on ball

3. Late ‘80s and early 1990’s Magic needs more credit for what was in the past labeled as “Showtime” which for many people melded Kareem and non-Kareem (or very old Kareem) years as a continuous offensive juggernaut, but in reality Magic was creating offense with not so great offensive casts by the end
lessthanjake wrote:Kyrie was extremely impactful without LeBron, and basically had zero impact whatsoever if LeBron was on the court.

lessthanjake wrote: By playing in a way that prevents Kyrie from getting much impact, LeBron ensures that controlling for Kyrie has limited effect…

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