I'll write, time to vote I think.
CriteriaPlayers with best peak goodness as can be observed through their actual Play in the team contexts they Played in.
With "goodness" being something like:
"Capacity for Value-based Achievement as an n-dimensional feature approximated to 1-dimension for ranking purposes".
With "Value" set in the time the Player Played, but with Achievement having a Level of Competition weighting which still applies for this 25-year project, but is of considerably less consequence than when we try to do an All-Time list.
ProcessIn a nutshell, I'm going to look to
I'm intending to make a lot of use of data that's now available for this era. To some degree that's literally going to be true for earlier eras, but Play-by-Play era ('96-97 onward) based sites are currently the best they've ever been - and believe me when I tell you that the ups and the downs of sophisticated PBP analytics sites have been such a big problem for really using them in a project like this before. Not that I recall us doing something like this before, but even if we had, the ability to use these stats would have been far more limited.
For reference, because it may help others, sources I expect to personally use:
nba.com
basketball-reference.com
pbpstats.com
nbarapm.com
xrapm.com
thinkingbasketball.net
Cheema's playoff studies, which are linked to and well-summarized
in this post by OhayoKD, which I've always liked.
And quite possibly others, particularly if people bring this to my attention.
Specifically I may used DPM, but as I alluded to in my prior post, I'd have to get more confident in it than I am at this moment, and this moment is when I need to start voting.
I believe nbarapm is going to be the one I'll be sharing from the most.
On a philosophical level here, I'm not looking to outsource my thought to any measure, but rather to try to understand things well enough that I can justify how my assessment diverges. When people allege inconsistency in analysis, the way they present the criticism is generally pretty alienating, but the truth is that I'm certainly trying to be consistent in my approach within a given study.
On the other hand, I want to be able to be "inconsistent" in that I don't want to be locked in to evaluating things the same way every project. If it leads to different results, that then becomes food for thought in and of itself.
(fyi, I'll put all that in Spoilers for future threads.)
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Vote1. 2016 LeBron James (> 2009 > 2013 > 2012)2. 2017 Steph Curry (> 2016 > 2015 > 2022)3. 2023 Nikola Jokic (> 2025 > 2024 > 2022)4. 2004 Kevin Garnett (> 2003 > 2008 > 2002)I'll begin with linking to a study I did using nbarapm.com recently.
nbarapm 4year Peaks Study.
Why "4 year peak" when clearly we're doing a 1-year peak here?
Well, the reason it's multi-season is because I think the data just gets more reliable when you do more seasons, so from an actual goodness perspective, I think a multi-season study will give better accuracy so long as the player in question actually had multi-season runs that were roughly displaying the same level of play.
This is also me saying that I think we tend to over-index on season narrative, and in the context of single year peaks then seek to explain away why a player didn't win the same way every single year because of this, that, or the other as if the player that one year was an entirely different tier of player than he ever was before or would be again. And I don't say this as an allegation toward anyone so much as to myself.
So I'll certainly be looking to zoom in to 1 season as I go, but I think starting with the multi-year will be wise.
I'll also say that because RAPM is not tied 1-to-1 with points on the scoreboard the way pure APM is, I believe having longer studies helps regress deviations back to a mean. This to say that while I'm cautious of using the actual RAPM values from one year to the next as if they are on the same scale, I think I'm going to chance it here with longer studies and see where it takes me.
And as for the 4-year, well, it's what the site defaulted to for me, and I don't recall having seen many 4-year studies before (compared to 3 or 5), so I was curious.
Okay finally getting to some numbers, here are the top performers by peak 4-year RAPM at this time going as far as Shaq, because he's traditionally a very strong candidate:
1. Kevin Garnett 2005-09 10.6
2. LeBron James 2008-12 10.5
3. Nikola Jokic 2022-25 10.1
4. Steph Curry 2014-18 9.2
5. Chris Paul 2014-18 9.1
6. Tim Duncan 8.9
7. Steve Nash 8.8
9. John Stockton 8.3
10. Manu Ginobili 7.9
11. Paul George 7.8
(tie) Kawhi Leonard 7.8
(tie) Kyle Lowry 7.8
(tie) Shaquille O'Neal 7.8
So, I'm only going to focus on determining the first 4 spots here, and I'll be looking to swap that initial order (KG-LeBron-Jokic-Steph) based on specific reasoning.
First thing, for me, neither KG or LeBron's rapm 4-year peak match with how I see their peaks.
In the case of KG, his rapm peak is iast two years in Minny combined with his first two years in Boston which is funny and interesting to me as I, like most, tend to think he peaked in capacity around his MVP season ('03-04). For reference, Garnett's local max around that year is 2002-06 at 9.0.
Now, the fact that Garnett proved to be able the revolutionary defensive player he did in Boston is a really big deal, and I can believe him being more impactful per minute than in '03-04, which in some ways make KG even more impressive, but just from a VORP perspective, he's playing less minutes and missing more time later on.
This then to say, I am going to be holding back Garnett some still. I see indicators of a goodness-level in Garnett that could have yielded more value than he was ever able to demonstrate because of the limitations of his coaches, but we only got to see what we got to see.
Though to be clear, what we got to see is still insanely high.
With LeBron also I'm more impressed with a different time in his career - specifically '15-16 & '16-17, but I don't think there's a lot that needs explaining here. LeBron's drop to a mere 9.7 in that timespan compared to the 10.5 in the earlier (Cle->Mia) era doesn't seem like a big deal. I mean, at a certain level, we just know that LeBron became a bit less focused during the regular season as he went, like most superstars do.
This is where we cry out for playoff analytics, and so I'll head over there now, and probably later in this thread. Before I do though, I'll just note that I have major sample size about playoff RAPM, that really go down to the analysis of +/- expectations in the playoffs.
Just in a nutshell: It's unrealistic to have positive +/-, and thus I believe high RAPM, when you're a big minute guy on the losing team in the series. As such, I believe there's likely a kind of "winning vs losing bias" thing wherein players lead teams with first & second round exits are going to see their RAPM hurt on average even if they don't actually underperform relative to perception.
Alright so heading over to Cheema's study from
1997-2021 career Postseason RAPM, the top guys from #1 to Shaq:
1. LeBron James +5.875 (don't assume this scale is the same as nbarapm study)
2. Draymond Green +5.483
3. Manu Ginobili +5.169
4. Kevin Garnett +4.767
5. Tim Duncan +4.289
6. Steph Curry +4.117
7. James Harden +4.106
8. Shaquille O'Neal +3.932
So career is not peak, but let it suffice to say that with LeBron effectively topping both the peak RAPM VORP study and the career playoff RAPM study, I don't have a lot of reason to strongly consider someone else at #1.
Moving on from the top spot, we see Garnett, Curry & Duncan, but no Jokic. The obvious thing here is that this was 2021, and Jokic's best 4 years of play hadn't even begun at that point, so let's head over to more Raw data there before considering further.
If we look at Thinking Basketball's Augmented Plus Minus (AuPM) to place Jokic, which he described as "an estimate of RAPM using a player's on/off data and his teammates on/off data -- converted to a per game value based on minutes per game played", here's what the (I believe single-season) leaderboard looks like for the RS & PS respectively (2001 to 2023), here's what we get:
RS:
1. LeBron James '08-09 7.7
2. Steph Curry '15-16 7.5
3. Draymond Green '15-16 7.4
4. Nikola Jokic '22-23 7.3
PS:
1. LeBron James '08-09 8.7
2. Steph Curry '16-17 7.5
3. Nikola Jokic '22-23 7.4
(tie) Tim Duncan '02-03 7.4
I wouldn't say that helps Jokic against this top tier competition, but it does give us an indication that when we zoom in on Jokic's success, there are playoff indicators that his impact continues even we don't have as much data as we'd like and his other years can sometimes paint a considerably less rosy picture.
Let me extend both by adding a few others, plus any players who were only on one of the two lists:
LeBron James RS '08-09 7.7 PS '08-09 8.7
Steph Curry RS '15-16 7.5 PS '16-17 7.5
Draymond Green RS '15-16 7.4 PS 6.3
Nikola Jokic RS '22-23 7.3 PS '22-23 7.4
Kevin Garnett RS '02-03 7.0 PS '03-04 & '07-08 5.4
Tim Duncan RS '02-03 5.9 PS '02-03 7.4
Chris Paul RS '14-15 6.2 PS '16-17 5.7
Shaquille O'Neal RS '99-00 6.0 PS '01-02 5.7
Giannis Antetokounmpo RS '19-20 5.6 PS '20-21 4.7
Dirk Nowitzki RS '02-03 7.0, PS '10-11 5.6
Welp so clearly I've listed enough data here to make a lot of people skip reading it, so let me take stock here, again with the focus of finding reasons to diverge from what stats seem to say.
LeBron shines no matter where I look, and the main second-guessing is about whether it should be '08-09 rather than '15-16 (or '12-13).
I think Curry & Green being next to each other is fortuitous. As I always say, I welcome people seeking to argue Green > Curry, I just tend to push back against people who want to use Green to tear down Curry. Did Green help Curry get the chips? Absolutely. Could that mean their On & On-Off are each inflated? Yes. Does inflation explain why Curry an all-timer on ORAPM while Green is an all-timer by DRAPM? No, it really doesn't. Both of these guys are worth discussion among the all-timers.
Am I ready to put Green over Curry? No, I'm not. Curry has the clear edge in the RS, and in the PS, Green's edge isn't actually all that clear. In fact, if we look at our PBP era PS career raw +/- leaders after 2025 we get:
1. LeBron James 1272
2. Tim Duncan 1095
3. Steph Curry 975
4. Draymond Green 968
5. Manu Ginobili 955
Considering all of that plus the fact that we've seen Curry leader quality seasons without Green playing major minutes, but when the reverse situation happened the team fell off a cliff (maybe due to apathy, but a missed opportunity for proof), and then there's just the matter skillset-wise, I have more confidence with the offensive great for today's game, Curry has that edge pretty clear for me.
From there, while I don't want to fall prey to winning bias, I also don't like the idea of nudging Curry downward simply because Green was also great, as I think you can throw stones like that in a kind of double or triple count habit.
Next I want to point out to Curry's RS being in '15-16 but PS in '16-17. This is something I've alluded to already on this thread as a think that's being used as a cudgel against Curry, but I think we should be very careful about this.
I understand saying "they're different seasons", but do I think it's a coincidence that Curry's marks in the respective RS & PS came only a year apart? No, can't say I do.
Meanwhile, by AuPM, Curry's 15-16 PS are behind not just '16-17, but '12-13, '13-14, '14-15, '17-18 & '18-19 I think tells us that Curry being down in the '15-16 playoffs was about health more than anything else. Fine to knock a season in this context for health, but from a perspective of trying to dismiss the '16-17 PS run as something unearned because of Durant's presence, I think we know we wouldn't be so prone to do this if Curry had simply been able to be enough better to have the team end up 4-3 in the finals rather than 3-4, and while the bragging rights are huge there in the context of putting LeBron over Steph... why exactly should we put Step below other guys for losing to LeBron, when we expect everyone would lose to LeBron?
On the Curry vs Jokic comparison, I'm continuing to side with Curry for Peak at this time with Jokic not displaying a clear cut advantage at least with the data we have, and with the belief that Curry's paradigm shifting 3-point shooting was the greater anomaly relative to competitors for those first few years.
I'll be re-considering this thought as the years go by.
Okay, now the other two main guys on my mind are Garnett & Duncan.
As I do that, I'll re-state as many times before: This has been one of the great debates for me and I've gone back & forth on it.
During their primes, with KG's Minny teams fading, I sided with Duncan like everyone else, but while acknowledging that that might change if I saw KG do something amazing on a contender, and of course, that's just what we saw.
Prior to that point it seemed reasonable to favor Duncan's defense over Garnett's - while recognizing both to be stellar - but after that point, to me KG is just the modern defensive GOAT standard. You can argue that guys like Olajuwon, Robinson & Duncan had more accomplished defensive careers, but I don't think any would be as good at post-Illegal Defense defense as Garnett was, and it's really only Russell in the deep past and Wemby in the future that as I see as having defensive ceilings above KG.
I think KG gives you a defensive speed-of-thought on the level of Draymond Green, but with undeniably greater physical talent.
In the KG vs Duncan debate, I see Garnett as being more agile, greater motor, quicker reactor, with comparable verticality and rebounding. I see Duncan as stronger, and thus better able to stand up against volume post scorers.
Offensively it's much the same. Garnett the better point forward, the better mover and shooter with some space away from the basket. I see Duncan as stronger and thus a better post scorer.
And as I think folks know, I just think we over-indexed on strength during their prime because of how our thinking was shaped by the Illegal Defense era followed by the emergence of Shaq - who we shouldn't forget, was certainly a major motivator for getting rid of Illegal Defense. (And we should note that Duncan & Garnett's MVP years came after Illegal Defense was abolished.)
This then to say that at this point, I'm not comfortable giving Duncan the nod over Garnett peak, or generally, based on focusing in a specific skill that people were overly fixated on back then. It would be one thing if all the impact data favored Duncan, but in my experience, it just generally favors Garnett, and I've run out of excuses for siding with Duncan.
Duncan had more team success, but the nature of team games is that teammates and coaches matter, and yes, I think these things explain the differences in team success in their respective careers.
Okay, now: What about Duncan's advantage in a stat like PS AuPM? Well, big thing here is just that I'm careful with playoff stats, and I kinda want to see an overwhelming advantage in the playoffs if I'm going to reverse my RS stance. Garnett has the advantage in Cheema's PS study, and Garnett also has a huge career PS On-Off (14.5). Is this really the profile of a player who is worse in the playoffs? Doesn't seem like it.
I wish I could have seen KG put everything together like I think he could have - Thibs' style middle linebacker on D, pace & space helio on O - and if he had had, I'd perhaps have him all the way up at #1, but as it is, I don't think that's quite what he was able to show us, and as a result, the more prime-optimized trio of LeBron, Steph & Jokic lead the way.