By now, those reading this thread/project know that I wrote up a peak comparison of Kareem, Walton (the unicorn of healthy Walton), and Duncan using some scouting notes, WOWY scores during near-peak seasons for all three, and impact trends established from the databall era to suggest that Kareem's game of all-history scoring, strong defense and strong passing lacked the impact of Walton's all-history defense, all-history point big man passing, and only adequate scoring or Duncan's all-history defense, strong scoring and strong passing. That Kareem's prime, despite the gaudy boxscore numbers, falls prey (when compared to other GOAT impact bigs) to the notion that a big man almost always has his best impact on defense, and even on offense a big might have more impact as a distributor even with lesser scoring than as a high volume, high efficiency scorer. Post here: 
http://forums.realgm.com/boards/viewtopic.php?p=56474291#p56474291However, there has been some pushback. TRex questioned whether ElGee properly used all of Duncan's absence data, which could potentially affect his score. Blackmill did an impressive simulation to show that there is noise in WOWY data that could account for some of the difference between Kareem's scores and Duncan's. And upon further review, I think ElGee may have flipped the sign of Kareem's 1978 while-playing SRS. The pushback has validity, because I indeed recognize that we don't have a huge amount of impact data for the pre-databall era. By definition, I'd expect there to be some noise here. 
But with that said...the difference between Kareem's peak impact and Walton's peak impact, in era at simultaneous times, does seem to be a significant effect and not really subject to any of the push-back or potential sign flips. For me, at least, the notion that this is Kareem at his best, in all of his boxscore glory, but that he had a contemporary that was clearly making a bigger impact on his team's fortunes by utilizing the very horizontal/active defense and big-man-floor-general principals that show up as clear big impact indicators in the databall era...that's a red flag for me. It makes me question just how valuable his boxscore glory really is, in the big scheme of things. (And again, I feel I should emphasize, I mean this only with respect to other GOATs. Obviously Kareem was having a big impact, and it shows up in the numbers. Just not as well as perhaps the other GOATs). 
Kareem vs Russell, impact observations and rough estimatesAnyway, tonight I've been taking a different crack at impact analysis, comparing Kareem with a different GOAT big man: Bill Russell. And again, right off the bat, I'll stipulate that this is not granular, copious data like what we have access to in the databall era. This won't be a mathematically rigorous proof. And frankly...I'm hesitant to lean too hard on this type of analysis, because it relies on team unit ratings, and anyone that's ever read my posts knows that I'm all about isolating an individual's impact from the team's impact as much as possible.
But, with that said, it's the data that we have available. Plus, by looking at trends over long periods of time with the players in different situations, I'm hoping that some interesting tidbits might fall out. (Thanks to ElGee, who pointed out to me that bball-ref now has the estimated team offense/defense ratings back to the shotclock and thus made this analysis angle possible for me). And, this analysis isn't in a vacuum, as I still have the results of the more WOWY-type approach in my mind as well.
1) Russell. Years ago, on BackPicks, ElGee made a cool chart and article, showing how the Celtics' defensive rating tracked perfectly with Russell's career: 
https://elgee35.wordpress.com/2010/12/31/bill-russells-defensive-impact/ . The defense became great Russell's rookie season, improved into ridiculous territories during Russell's peak, stayed great until Russell retired, then fell off a cliff as soon as he left. 
I replicated that chart, tonight, using the BB-ref data. I also did the same for the Celtics' offense. As has been pointed out, the Celtics' offense during the Russell era was routinely below average, sometimes significantly below. Thus, it seems clear that the Celtics won those 11 championships purely on the strength of their all-time defense. And the defense tracked perfectly with Russell, staying consistently great no matter which teammates came and went. On offense, the ratings barely changed at all when Cousy retired, nor did either rating really change when Hondo joined the squad. Looking at averages of relative offensive and defensive ratings:
Celtics (2 years pre-Russell): ORtg-rel:: +1.7, DRtg-rel: +1.5 (- is good)
Celtics (13 years of Russell): ORtg-rel: -1.6, 
DRtg-rel: -6.9Celtics (2 years post-Russell): ORtg-rel: -1.0, DRtg-rel: -1
KareemKareem entered the league the year that Russell retired, so they were very close to being contemporaries. The year before he arrived, the Bucks were poor offensively (-1.6) and defensively (+2.7). In Kareem's first year, they became a solid offense (3.1) and improved to a not-terrible defense (-0.9). I'd say that was strong impact for rookie Kareem. A similar but attenuated thing happened when he went to the Lakers, as they went from a similar offense/defense to the pre-Kareem Bucks to a neutral offense (+0.6) and a neutral defense (+0.5, which was an improvement). Kareem obviously had an impact.
But, Russell was able to define a dominant unit, in a clear way, that showed up very clearly in the team unit ratings regardless of the coming and going of his biggest name teammates. Kareem played on some dominant units through the years, but that dominance didn't track with his presence, as much as it did the presence of two particular teammates...
Bucks (2 years of Kareem, no Oscar): ORtg-rel: +1.7, DRtg-rel: -0.4
Bucks (4 years of Kareem & Oscar): ORTg-rel: 4.2, DRtg-rel: -4.8Royals (Oscar's entire career): ORtg-rel: +3.3, defense sucked
Lakers (4 years of Kareem, no Magic): ORtg-rel: 1.8, DRtg-rel: -0.2
Lakers (10 years of Kareem & Magic): ORtg-rel: +4.9, DRtg-rel: -1.0
Lakers (2 years of Magic, no Kareem): ORtg-rel: +5.1, DRtg-rel, -2
Let me unpack this. In 6 years of prime/peak career when he wasn't playing with Oscar or Magic, Kareem had monster boxscore numbers and multiple MVPs, but his team offenses were only +1.7 or +1.8. The offenses only got elite when the legendary point guards were around. And those offenses with Kareem + point guard played more similar to the offenses of those point guards without Kareem, than they did like Kareem's offenses without them.
On defense, Kareem had a four-year streak while playing with Oscar on the Bucks where his defenses were really strong. In the two Bucks years without Oscar, and essentially his entire Lakers career, the defenses were meh. I've seen it argued that Oscar (who clearly didn't have anything to do with the defensive results directly) motivated Kareem in those Bucks years in ways that no one else ever did before or after, and that thus this helped explain Kareem's dominant defensive stretch, if you give any credence at all to that. Perhaps more importantly, by the 1972 - 1976 period, the NBA had more than twice as many teams AND also an ABA, compared to Russell's hey-day. Things were very watered down in the early 70s NBA. The ABA collapsed early in Kareem's Lakers career, though. So, another factor in Kareem's dominant defensive run could be that the league was weak, right when he was most motivated.
Bottom line: This is another attempt at gauging Kareem's impact stats. Again, vs another All-time great, using the same method. 
Russell's impact translated faithfully and obviously in his team's dominant defense regardless of teammate turnover, which was clearly the unit that made them dominant as a team in a concentrated league.
Kareem's historical boxscore dominance didn't seem to translate to great offenses in 6 prime/peak years. It was only during the years that he had an all-history point guard whose teams minus Kareem had similar caliber offenses, that Kareem's team offenses looked great. Kareem had one four-year stretch where he led a dominant team defense, but it also came at the most watered down competitive period in NBA history.
Again...nothing here is set in stone. This is not a mathematical proof, and I'm not typing QED. But this is now two different impact approaches, compared against several other all-time great bigs, where Kareem just doesn't show up as well. Walton and Russell seemed, to the extent that I can examine the evidence, to have significantly larger impacts on their teams' fortunes than Kareem did. It certainly seemed that Duncan may have, as well. 
Someone in the last thread opined whether Kareem's actual impact may have been more on the level of a Barkley than a Jordan. That he may have been great, but not GOATish as far as how much he was impacting the game. I once made a similar analogy, but to Karl Malone instead of Charles Barkley. And the Malone comp may be more apt, because both had the boxscore accolades and the absurd longevity. But, just like Malone, I wonder if absurd longevity at great-but-not-GOAT level is worth more than a shorter career that routinely hit GOAT level. 
I don't think that it is.
Right now, not only would I vote Russell ahead of Kareem...I'd say that (in no order) Magic, Duncan, LeBron, Garnett, Wilt, Shaq, Bird, and Olajuwon all have a heck of an argument as well. At this moment, I feel strongly that each of those others have spent time on that GOAT level that Walton and Russell seemed to reach but that I'm less and less convinced that Kareem ever did.
Vote: Bill Russell
2nd: will edit in later